IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


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Scisices 
CorpoKition 


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23  WIST  MAIN  STMIT 

WnSTn,N.Y.  MSM 

(71«)  t71-4S03 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notaa/Notas  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquas 


Tha  Inatituta  haa  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua, 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction,  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chackad  balow. 


n 
n 

D 
D 

n 

D 
D 

n 


D 


Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 

Covara  damtigad/ 
Couvartura  andommagte 

Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raataurAa  at/ou  palliculte 

Covar  titia  miaaing/ 

La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 

Colourad  mapa/ 

Cartaa  gAographiquaa  an  coulaur 

Colourad  ink  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  black!/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 

Colourad  plataa  and/or  illuatrationa/ 
Planchaa  at/ou  illuatrationa  an  coulaur 

Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
RallA  avac  d'autraa  documanta 

Tight  binding  may  cauaa  ahadowa  or  diatortion 
along  intarior  margin/ 

LaraJiura  aarria  paut  cauaar  da  I'ombra  ou  da  la 
diatortion  la  long  da  la  marga  int4riaura 

Blank  laavaf   iddad  during  raatoration  may 
appaar  with..<  tha  taxt.  Whanavar  poaaibia,  thaaa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  aa  paut  qua  cartainaa  pagaa  blanchaa  ajouttea 
lora  d'una  raatauration  apparaiaaant  dana  la  taxta, 
maia,  loraqua  cala  Atait  poaaibia.  caa  pagaa  n'ont 
paa  AtA  filmtaa. 

Additional  commanta:/ 
Commantairaa  aupplAmantairaa.- 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm^  la  maillaur  axampiaira 
qu'il  lui  a  AtA  poaaibia  da  aa  procurer.  Laa  d^taiia 
da  cat  axampiaira  qui  aont  paut-Atra  u'^iquaa  du 
point  da  vua  bibliographiqua,  qui  pauvant  modifier 
una  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  um> 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  normala  de  filmatvie 
aont  indiquAa  ci-daaaoua. 


V 
tc 


I      I   Coloured  pagaa/ 


D 


Pagaa  de  couleur 

Pagaa  damaged/ 
Pagaa  andommagAea 

Pagaa  reatored  and/oi 

Pagaa  reataurAea  at/ou  palliculAea 

Pagaa  diacoiourad.  atainad  or  foxai 
Pagaa  dicoiorAea,  tachattes  ou  piquAea 

Pagaa  detached/ 
Pagaa  ditachiaa 

Showthrough> 
Tranaparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Qualit*  inAgaia  da  I'lmpraaaion 

Includaa  aupplamentary  materii 
Comprend  du  matAriai  auppMmantaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Mition  diaponibia 


r~1  Pagaa  damaged/ 

l~~|  Pagaa  reatored  and/or  laminated/ 

r~T\  Pagaa  diacoiourad.  atainad  or  foxed/ 

I     I  Pagaa  detached/ 

r^  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  variaa/ 

I     I  Includaa  aupplamentary  material/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


Pagaa  wholly  or  partially  obacurad  by  errata 
aiipa.  tiaauea.  etc..  have  been  ref limed  to 
enaura  tha  beat  poaaibia  image/ 
Lea  pagaa  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obacurciaa  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  una  palure, 
etc.,  ont  M  filmtea  A  nouveau  da  fa^on  h 
obtenir  la  mailleure  image  poaaibia. 


T 

P< 

o< 
fi 


0 
b 
tl 

ai 

01 

fi 

ai 

01 


Tl 
al 

Tl 

M 

M 
dl 
ai 
b< 
rl( 
rt 
m 


Thia  item  ia  filmed  at  tha  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  eat  f  limA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiquA  oi-deakoua. 

lOX  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


12X 


16X 


aox 


24X 


2IX 


32X 


Th«  copy  f  ilmad  her*  has  b««n  r«produc«d  thanks 
to  th«  ganarosity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archivtt  of  British  Columbia 


L'axamplaira  film*  ffut  raproduit  grica  A  la 
gAnArosIt*  da: 

Librarv  Division 

Provinaal  Archivas  of  British  Columbia 


Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
posaibia  conaidaring  tha  condition  and  lagibiiity 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  liaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacif ications. 


Original  capiat  in  printad  papar  covars  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion.  or  tha  back  covar  whan  appropriata.  All 
othar  original  capias  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  with  a  printad  or  illustratad  impras- 
sion,  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illustratad  imprassion. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microfiche 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  -^  (moaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  appiias. 


Laa  imagas  suivantaa  ont  At*  raproduitas  avac  la 
plus  grand  soin.  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattatA  da  I'aMamplaira  film*,  at  an 
conformit*  avac  las  conditions  du  contrat  dm 
filmaga. 

Las  axamplairas  originaux  dont  la  couvartura  an 
papiar  ast  imprimAs  sont  filmAs  wt  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darnlAr-^  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  sacond 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autras  axamplairas 
originaux  sont  filmte  an  commandant  par  la 
pramiAr^  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'imprassion  ou  d'illustration  at  an  tarminant  par 
ia  darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 

Un  das  symbolas  suivants  apparattra  sur  la 
darniira  imaga  da  chaqua  microfiche,  salon  la 
cas:  ia  symbola  — »•  signifia  "A  SUIVRE".  la 
oymbola  ▼  signifia  "FIN". 


Maps,  platas.  charts,  ate.  may  ba  filmad  at 
diffarant  reduction  ratios.  Thosa  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  end  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  plenches.  tebleeux.  etc.,  peuvent  *tre 
filmAs  i  des  taux  da  rAduction  diffArants. 
Lorsque  ie  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  ciichA,  il  est  film*  *  partir 
da  Tangle  sup*rieur  gauche,  do  gauche  *  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  has,  en  prenent  Ie  nombre 
d'images  n*cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivanfs 
illustrent  la  m*thode. 


1 

2 

3 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

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,c  C  LU  RE  S 
MAGAZINE 


FOR  MARCH    /  7^ 


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PUBLISHED  MONTHLY  BY  THE  S.  S.  MCCLURE  CO.,  141-155  E.  25TH  STREET,  NEW  YORK  CITY 

10  Norfelli  St.,  Strtnd,  London,  gn||^.Xepyright,  1899,  by  Tho  S.  S.  llcCluro  Co.     Entartd  at  N.  V.  Pott-Offlet  m  Socond-Cliit  Mill  Mtttor 

i*ffiii»r  II......     ■ -T     I    ,   "' '■•  ,-^   rtii      '-         I  Bii  ^   *  ^ -- 


i*UL.i**i«!L;a**-ti.... 


Mllll    lia«   tt%^  III 


/ 


UEOTENANT  PEART  ON  THE  EVE  OF  HIS  LAST  DEPARTURE  FOR  THE  ARCTIC. 
From  II  photograph  taken  expressly  for  McC'LUiiE'ti  Mauazinb  by  Ilollingcr  &  Co.  hi  June,  1806. 


/ 


MOVING    ON    THE    NORTH    POLE.— OUTLINES    OP    MY 

ARCTIC   CAMPAIGN. 

By  Liedtenant  Robert  E.  Peary,  U.S.N. 

Editor's  Note. — Lieutenant  Peary  is  now  well  up  in  the  Arctic  regions,  prosecuting  a  new  journey  of 
exploration  that  he  has  good  reason  to  hope  will  result  in  his  reaching  the  North  Pole.  Ris  vessel,  the  "  Wind- 
ward," sailed  from  New  York,  July  2,  1898.  He  himself  set  out  a  few  days  later,  going  by  rail  to  Sydney,  Cape 
Breton,  where  he  was  awaited  by  his  old  ship,  the  "  Hope,"  which  also  went  out  with  the  expedition.  The  last 
word  from  him  was  received  on  August  27th,  when  the  "  Hope  "  returned  to  St.  John's,  Newfoundland,  having 
parted  from  Lieutenant  Peary  at  Littleton  Island,  in  Smith  Sound,  on  August  13,  1898.  The  following  article, 
outlining  his  purposes  and  plans,  was  written  in  the  main  just  before  he  started ;  but  some  passages  in  it  were 
written  after  he  was  actually  on  his  way. 


THE  main  object  of  the  plans  which  the 
writer  will  endeavor  to  outline  clearly  in 
this  article  is,  frankly  and  avowedly,  the  Pole. 
It  is  natural  that  a  man  should  consider  his 
own  plan  the  best,  else,  presumably,  he  would 


not  adopt  it.  For  myself,  I  can  say  that  I 
have  no  feeling  of  rivalry  or  jealousy  towards 
other  explorers  or  other  plans  than  my  own, 
and  gladly  welcome  and  encourage  every 
earnest,  hcma  fide,  original  attempt  to  solve 


418 


MOVING  ON  THE  NORTH  POLE. 


I         I 

A  R  C\T  I\C 
O  C  E  A  N^ 


NORTH 

po\e 


NORTH   v^  ^- 

AMERIO^>!t'-7- 


..:"H-\5. 


iL. 


L 


HAP  SHOWING  THE  ROUTE  THAT  UEUTENANT  PEARY  IS  FOLLOWING. 

aa,  I^ttitu(U>  itjaclicil  l)y  Niiiigvn— the  farthittt  north  yet  iittaincd.  hh,  LutitoJo 
reached  liy  Lockwood  mid  Brniiianl.  c  r,  Arctic  Circle.  A,  Whale  Sound,  where 
Lieutenant  Peary's  Eskimo  attendants  were  to  lie  taken  on  board.  B,  SUcrard  Osliorn 
Fjoid,  Peary's  main  base  of  supplies,  and  the  probable  northern  terminus  of  the 
"  Windwanl's  "  voyage.    C,  Depot  ot  northern  terminus  of  land. 


the  great  problem,  feeling  that  the  more 
the  merrier  and  the  more  chances  there  are 
that  the  goal  will  be  reached. 

I  am  after  the  Pole  because  it  is  the  Pole ; 
because  it  has  a  value  as  a  test  of  intelli- 
gence, persistence,  endurance,  determined 
will,  and,  perhaps,  cou  'age,  qualities  char- 
acteristic of  the  highest  type  of  manhood ; 
because  I  am  confident  that  it  can  be  reached ; 
and  because  I  regard  it  as  a  great  prize  which 
it  is  peculiarly  fit  and  appropriate  that  an 
American  should  win.  This  objective  of  my 
work  will  not  prevent  the  attempt  to  accom- 
plish valuable  results  in  other  directions,  and 
a  direct  corollary  of  the  attainment  of  the 
Pole  will  be  an  extensive  filling  in  of  the  large 
existing  blank  upon  our  charts  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Pole,  and  perhaps  the  completion  of 
the  prelimihary  geographical  work  in  the 
highest  latitude  in  this  hemisphere. 

Before  commencing  my  outline  of  proposed 
work,  just  a  few  words  in  regard  to  the  North 
Pole,  a  subject  upon  which  fools  as  well  as 
sages  have  theorized  for  centuries,  an  ob- 
ject for  which  brave  men  have  struggled  for 
centuries.    What  is  it?    It  is  simply  the 


mathematical  point  where 
the  earth's  axis  intersects 
the  earth's  surface,  a  place 
where  there  are  ninety  de- 
grees of  latitude  and  three 
hundred  and  sixty  degrees 
of  longitude,  or  no  longi- 
tude at  all,  just  as  one  pre- 
fers to  look  at  it. 

Let  us  assume  that  the 
Pole  has  been  reached  and 
that  a  man  is  standing  upon 
it ;  what  would  be  some  of 
the  conditions  resulting 
from  his  position?  In  the 
first  place,  our  man  stand- 
ing upon  the  Pole  could  go 
in  but  one  direction,  south. 
East,  west,  north  have  been 
obliterated  for  him*,  and  the 
first  step  he  takes,  no  mat- 
ter what  its  direction,  will 
be  south.  If,  there  on  the 
Pole,  he  stands  motionless 
for  twenty-four  hours,  the 
diurnal  revolution  of  the 
earth  will  simply  turn  him 
completely  around  on  his 
tracks  as  on  a  pivot.  If 
he  stands  there  for  a  year, 
he  will  have  in  that  year  one 
night  and  one  day.  The  sun 
will  rise  for  him  on  the  21st 
of  March ;  the  next  day  it  will  circle  through 
the  heavens,  apparently  rolling  on  the  horizon 
all  the  ^ay  round ;  the  next  day  it  will  be  a  lit- 
tle higher ;  the  next  a  little  higher  still,  and 
so  on,  until  the  21st  of  June,  when  it  will  be 
twenty-three  and  one-half  degrees  above  the 
horizon,  a  little  more  than  one-fourth  the  dis- 
tance from  the  horizon  to  the  zenith.  A  few 
days  later  it  will  be  a  little  lower,  the  next 
still  a  little  lower,  and  so  on,  slowly  describing 
a  flattened  spiral  through  the  heavens,  until 
it  sets  on  the  21st  of  September,  not  to  rise 
again  until  the  21st  of  the  following  March. 
If  now  at  any  time  during  this  six  months' 
long  summer  day  our  man  standing  upon  the 
Pole  takes  one  step  directly  towards  the  sun, 
no  matter  in  what  direction  it  may  be,  it  will 
then  be  noon  for  him.  If  he  then  steps  back 
to  his  position  on  the  Pole  and  from  it  takes 
a  step  directly  away  from  the  sun,  it  will 
then  be  midnight  for  him.  Not  darkness, 
however  ;  midnight  in  the  Arctic  regions 
does  not  necessarily  mean  darkness.  But  to 
our  man  standing  there  upon  the  Pole  two 
steps  only  will  separate  astronomical  noon 
from  astronomical  midnight. 


LIEUTENANT  ROBERT  E.  PEARY. 


419 


During  the  six  months'  long  winter  night 
our  man  sttinding  there  will  see  every  star, 
of  those  he  can  see  at  all,  always  the  same 
height  above  the  horizon.  Polaris,  the  North 
Star,  will  be  practically  in  the  zenith,  and  a 
star  which  can  be  seen  barely  peeping  above 
the  horizon  will  circle  forever  just  grazing 
the  horizon.  In  other  words,  to  the  observer 
on  the  Pole  the  heavenly  bodies  move  in  hori- 
zontal circles,  instead  of  oblique  circles,  as 
they  do  here,  or  vertical  circles,  as  they  do 
to  an  observer  on  the  Equator. 

One  other  interesting  point:  our  man 
standing  upon  the  Pole  would  not  be  able  to 
say,  speaking  with  precision,  that  he  was 
having  either  a  good  time  or  a  bad  time,  nor 
would  he  have  the  pleasure  of  complaining 
of  hard  times.  Why?  Simply  because  he 
would  have  no  time.  What  is  time?  And 
what  do  we  figure  it  from  but  noon,  and  what 
is  noon  but  the  moment  the  sun  crosses  our 
local  meridian?  Now  our  man  standing  upon 
the  Pole  has  no  meridian,  or  rather  he  has 
three  hundred  and  sixty  of  them,  so  mixed 
up  under  his  heel  that  he  could  not  pick 
one  out  if  he  tried.  He  has  no  noon,  no 
starting  point  for  time,  no  time.  So  much 
for  the  conditions  which  are  the  result  of 
the  mathematical  definition  of  the  Pole. 

Now,  in  regard  to  its  physical  character- 
istics. There  is  no  reason  whatever  for  as- 
suming any  abnormal  conditions  at  the  Pole. 


No  reason  whatever  for  supposing  there  a 
perennial  summer  sea  or  a  paleocrystic  (that 
is,  an  eternally  frozen)  sea,  or  a  Symmes 
Hole  giving  access  to  the  center  of  the 
earth,  or  a  specially  rounded  mountain,  a  la 
Jules  Verne,  for  the  earth  to  whirl  upon. 
None  of  these.  There  will  be  simply  prosaic 
land  or  water  at  the  Pole.  No  man  living 
can  say  which  until  some  man  get<s  there. 
But  if  it  is  land,  it  will  be  land  with  charac- 
teristics practically  the  same  as  those  of 
other  Arctic  lands,  such  as  we  know  a  few 
hundred  miles  south ;  and  if  it  is  water,  it 
will  be  an  Arctic  sea,  with  the  characteris- 
tics practically  the  same  as  those  of  other 
Arctic  seas,  with  which  we  are  familiar  a  few 
hundred  miles  distant. 

Will  the  Pole  ever  be  reached?  Most  as- 
suredly ;  and  possibly  within  a  comparatively 
short  time.  The  distance  which  to-day  sep- 
arates the  highest  north  from  the  Pole  itself 
is  but  two  hundred  and  sixty  miles,  about 
the  same  as  the  distance  between  Albany  and 
Buffalo ;  and  I  do  not  believe  there  is  one  of 
my  readers  who  is  willing  to  admit  that  a  dis- 
tance of  only  two  hundred  and  sixty  miles  is 
to  remain  forever  impassable  to  human  efforts 
and  energy.    I  am  not. 

Returning  from  the  Arctic  regions  in  1895 
with  the  belief  that  the  capabilities  of  the 
Greenland  inland  ice  as  a  means  of  getting 
north  were  practically  exhausted,  I  formu- 


THE  "  HOPE,"  THE  VESSEL  IN  WHICH  LIEUTENANT  PEARY  MADE  HIS  PREPARATORY  VOYAGE  TO  GREENLAND  IN  1897, 

AND  WHICH  ATTENDED  HIM  OUT  ON  HIS  PRESENT  EXPEDITION,  RETURNING  AT  THE  END  OP  AUGUST,   1898. 
From  a  photograph  taken  at  Meteorite  Island,  Anguet  17, 1807;  reproduced  by  the  ipecial  permiision  of  the  P.  A.  Stokes  Company. 


lijfHBU 


420 


MOVING  ON  THE  NORTH  POLE. 


lated,  on  my  way  home,  a  plan  for  further 
work,  in  case  the  problems  of  the  North 
had  not  been  solved  by  the  time  I  arrived. 
Immediately  after  my  return  it  would  have 
been  premature  to  have  presented  any  pro- 
ject for  further  Arctic  exploration  with  two 
well-equipped 
expeditions  still 
in  the  field,  those 
of  Jackson  and 
Nansen.  With 
the  return  of 
Jackson  and 
Nansen,  bring- 
ing the  news 
that  Franz  Josef 
Land  was  not 
the  southern 
terminus  of  an 
Arctic  conti- 
nent, as  had 
been  supposed  by 
some  geograph- 
ers, but  an  archi- 
pelago of  com- 
paratively lim- 
ited  extent; 
and  that  the 
"Fram,"inher 
three  years'  drift 
through  the  Si- 
berian nt 
of  the  ar 
basin,  hud  £>een 
no  land,  I  felt 
that  the  time 
was  ripe  for  the 
presentation  of 
my  plan.  I  be- 
lieved that  the 
practical  demon- 
stration of  the 
non-existence  of 
land  of  any  con- 
siderable extent  in  the  Siberian  segment  of  the 
polar  basin  eliminated  that  region  from  fur- 
ther consideration  as  a  possible  means  of 
reaching  the  Pole.  The  land  lying  north  of 
main  Greenland  remained  still  the  most  north- 
erly known  land  on  the  face  of  the  globe,  and 
it  could  now  be  said  that  the  route  along  the 
northwest  coast  of  this  land,  with  terra  firma 


ALFRED  C,  HARHSWORTH,  EDITOR  OF  THE  LONDON      DAILY  MAIL," 

AND  OWNER  OF  UEUTENANT  PEARY'S  SHIP,  THE  "  WINDWARD." 

The  "Windward"  is  the  ship  that  was  used  by  the  Jackson  expedition, 
whicli  Mr.  Ilarnieworth  fitted  uiit  in  1804  and  which  siicnt  three  ycara  in 
explorations  in  Franz  Josef  Land.  It  was  with  this  expedition  that  Nansen 
and  Johanscn  found  rescue  from  the  almost  fatal  hardships  of  their  journey 
afoot  to  and  from  the  "farthest  north."  On  Icaminf;  of  Lieutenant 
Peary's  project,  Mr.  Harmsworth  generously  offered  him  the  "  Windward  " 
for  his  expedition. 


"  My  own  expeditions  have  satisfied  me 
that  from  a  sufiicient  depot  of  provisions  and 
equipment,  located  in  the  latitude  of  Inde- 
pendence Ray,  the  Pole  is  attainable.  The 
results  of  the  various  recent  expeditions  have 
shown  that  there  is  left  but  one  practicable 

route  by  which 
to  attain  the 
North  Pole,  and 
that  route  the 
one  that  has  been 
known  as  the 
American,  viz., 
the  route 
through  Smith 
Sound,  Kane 
Basin,  Robeson 
Channel,  and 
along  the  north- 
west coast  of 
Greenland.  My 
plan,  in  the  few- 
es*^  :ords,  is  to 
raise  a  fund  suf- 
ficient to  insure 
the  continuation 
of  the  work  of 
exploration  for 
ten  years, 
necessary, 
$150,000, 
deposit  it  in  a 
trust  company ; 
purchase  a  ship ; 
give  her  a  mini- 
mum crew;  load 
with  concentrat- 
ed provisions  ; 
proceed  to  Whale 
Sound;  take  on 
board  several 
picked  families 
of  my  faithful 
Eskimos,     with 


if 
say 
and 


their  tents,  canoes,  dogs,  etc. ;  force  a  way 
through  Robeson  Channel  to  Sherard  Osbom 
Fjord  or  farther,  and  land  people  and  stores ; 
then  send  the  ship  back.  As  soon  as  the  freez- 
ing of  the  ice  in  the  great  fjords  of  the  north- 
west coast  permits  sledge  travel,  the  work  of 
advancing  supplies  northeastward  along  the 
coast  would  be  commenced,  taking  compara- 
for  a  base,  was  not  merely  the  most  practi-  tively  short  stages  and  light  loads,  so  that  the 


cable  route,  but  the  only  practicable  route,  by 
which  to  reach  the  Pole.  Acting  on  this 
belief,  I  outlined  to  the  American  Geographi- 
cal Society  in  January,  1897,  on  the  occasion 
of  the  presentation  to  me  of  the  first  CuUum 
gold  medal,  my  plan,  as  follows : 


trips  could  be  quickly  made.  As  soon  as  che 
supplies  had  been  advanced  the  first  stage, 
the  party  itself  would  move  forward,  leaving 
a  cache  behind,  and  as  they  would  be  follow- 
ing Eskimo  customs  and  living  in  snow  houses, 
tluB  could  easily  be  done. 


LIEUTENANT  ROBERT  E.  PEARY. 


421 


"  Then  the  second  stage  of  advance  would  tions  are  not  favorable  the  second  year,  come 

be  taken  up,  and  the  work  carried  on  until  back  for  the  winter,  and  start  again  and 

the  departure  of  the  sun.    Each  of  the  bril-  again.    I  believe  that  at  any  point  in  the 

liant  winter  moons  of  the  polar  night  would  Arctic  regions,  at  one  time  or  another,  *it 

afford  opportunities  for  continuing  it,  so  one  season  or  another,  the  door  is  open  ^r 

that  early  spring  should  find  the  party  and  can  be    opened,   and  the  man  who  is  in 

the  bulk  of  its  supplies  located  at  the  north-  readiness    and  waiting   for  the  favorable 

em  terminus  of  the  North  Greenland  archi-  opportunity  can  get  where  he  wants  to. 

pelago,  probably  not  far  from  the  eighty-fifth  When  an  expedition  goes  north  for  one  or 

parallel,  with  caches  behind  it  at  each  prom-  two  years  only,  it  may  not  find  the  favorable 

inent  headland.    From  this  point,  when  the  opportunity ;  but  if  it  can  stay  the  four  or 

proper  time  came,  with  picked  dogs,  the  five  years  which  I  am  prepared  to  stay,  if 


lightest  possible  equipment,  and  two  of 
the  best  of  the  Eskimos,  the  last  stage 
of  the  journey  to  the  Pole  would  be  at- 
tempted, with  strong  probabiliMes  of  a  suc- 
cessful termination.    Should  the  first  season 


recessary,   some  time  in  that  period  the 
favorable   occasion  is  sure  to    come,   and 
the  door  will  be   open  or  can  be   pushed 
open." 
Such,  in  brief,  is  my  project  for  the  pro- 


be unfavorable  as  regards  ice  conditions,  it  posed  \trork,  and  I  must  say,  though  perhaps 
could  be  devoted  to  a  detailed  survey  of  the  I  am  egotistical,  that  it  does  seem  to  me  as 
archipelago  itself,  and  a  reconnoissance  of  if  the  conditions  were  favorable.   Experience 


the  east  coast  as  far  south  as  possible,  and 
the  northern  journey  reserved  for  the  fol 
lowing  season,  or  the  next.  Each  succeed 
ing  summer  the  ship  would  attempt  to  cstab 
lish  communication  with 
the  party's  base,  succeed- 
ing probably  every  other 
year  at  first,  then,  with  in- 
creasing experience,  every 
year,  and  keep  up  its  sup- 
ply of  food,  dogs,  and  Es- 
kimos, until  the  objects  of 
the  expedition  were  ac- 
complished. Should  the 
ship  be  unsuccessful  in  the 
passage  of  Robeson  Chan- 
nel the  first  year,  the 
party  would  land  at  Hayes 
Sound,  and  devote  the  first 
year  to  explorations  of 
that  unknown  region.  Re- 
treat from  the  colony  at 
Sherard  Osborn  Fjord 
would  always  be  practi- 
cable across  the  inland  ice 
to  Whale  Sound. 

"  The  programme  is  to 
secure  every  mile  of  ad- 
vance just  as  far  as  there 
is  land,  and  then  attempt 
to  accomplish  the  remain- 
ing distance  in  one  effort. 
In  case  the  conditions  are 
unfavorable  or  impracti- 
cable the  first  season,  I 
shall  return  to  my  Eskimo 
village,  winter  there,  and 
start  again  the  next 
spring;  and  if  the  condi- 


counts  for  a  great  deal  in  Arctic  work. 
Success  in  Arctic  navigation  is  the  result  of 
that  definite,  detailed  knowledge  of  coasts, 
winds,   tides,  and  ice,   the  same  kind  of 


THE  "  WINDWARD,"  UBUTBNANT  PEARY'S  SHIP  ON  THE  PRESENT  EXPEDITION. 
From  a  photograph  taken  by  the  Jackson  expedition  to  Franz  Joaef  Land. 


422 


MOVING  ON  THE  NORTH  POLE. 


knowledge  for  each  step  of  the  voyage  that 
a  harbor  pilot  has.  One  must  know  what 
the  effect  of  a  given  wind  is  upon  the  ice  at 
any  point  along  the  coast,  and  the  effect  of  the 
ebb  and  flood  tide,  as,  knowing  these  things, 
you  can  put  your  ship  through  with  safety, 
or  keep  her  out  until  a  favorable  time  comes. 
I  feel  that  I  have,  in  the  last  five  or  six 
years,  obtained  some  knowledge  of  thcie 
details  of  Arctic  work.  And,  in  addition 
to  this,  is  the  advantage  of  my  utilization  of 
the  Eskimo. 

Everyone  will  agree  with  me,  that  there 
are  no  human  beings  on  the  face  of  the 


Arctic  exploration  may  be  regarded  as 
safe.  This  is  shown  by  the  experience  of 
the  last  ten  years.  Nothing  is  to  be  gained 
by  numbers ;  in  fact,  numbers  are  a  distinct 
danger,  and  the  frightful  catastrophies  of 
previous  work  are,  in  my  opinion,  directly 
traceable  to  that  cause.  The  entire  animus 
of  the  Arctic  regions  is  against  large  par- 
ties. Where  three  men  will  get  along  in 
safety  and  comfort,  six  would  merely  exist 
on  half-rations  arA  twelve  die  of  starvation. 
The  two-man  party  is  the  ideal  one ;  both 
Nansen  and  myself  have  proved  this.  The 
leader  of  the  expedition  must  be  at  the  head 


ONE  OP  UEUTENANT  PEARY'S  ARCTIC  SLEDGES. 

In  traveling  or  transporting  by  eledges,  gailH  arc  set,  as  bIiuwii  in  the  picture,  wlicnever  tlic  wind  is  favorable,  and  tbua  the 
worii  is  made  iniicli  lighter  for  the  dogs.  Tiii'  ]>ictiiru  is  from  u  pliotograph  tiilicn  by  Lientenant  Peary  himself ;  reproduced 
by  the  special  permission  of  tlie  V.  A.  Stokes  Company. 


globe  better  adapted  to  form  the  rank  and 
file  of  an  Arctic  party  than  members  of 
that  little  tribe,  the  most  northerly  people 
in  the  world,  whose  fathers  and  grandfathers 
and  great-grandfathers  before  them  have 
lived  in  that  very  region :  men  who  know  all 
the  vagaries,  all  the  possibilities,  and  all  the 
hostilities  of  their  frozen  home,  and  know 
perfectly  how  to  take  care  of  themselves. 
Further,  they  have  confidence  in  me  and  re- 
gard me  as  a  friend,  and  would  travel  with 
me,  and  starve  with  me,  should  it  be  neces- 
sary. I  feel  that,  with  an  experienced  sur- 
geou  and  perhaps  one  other  white  man,  and 
that  material  from  which  to  recruit  the  rank 
and  file  of  my  party,  it  would  come  near  be- 
ing an  ideal  party  for  Arctic  work. 


of  the  advance  party ;  no  successful  Arctic 
party  can  be  led  from  the  rear.  The  lati- 
tude of  Lockwood  and  Brainard's  farthest 
north  is  eighty-three  degrees,  twenty-four 
minutes.  The  distance  from  this  point,  up 
to  which  we  know  there  is  land,  to  the  Pole 
and  return,  is  less  than  the  distance  from 
Whale  Sound  to  Independence  Bay  and  re- 
turn, which  I  have  twice  covered,  once  with 
a  single  companion,  and  again  nnder  the 
heaviest  handicap. 

My  project  was  carefully  considered  by  a 
committee  appointed  by  the  Geographical 
Society,  consisting  of  Admiral  Gherardi, 
Judge  Charles  P.  Daly,  and  Chandler  Rob- 
bins,  and  on  the  20th  of  February  the  com- 
mittee presented  the  followir.^  resolution : 


LIEUTENANT  ROBERT  E.  PEARY. 


428 


ARCnC  HIGHLANDERS  OF  THB  TRIBE  FROM  WHICH  LIEUTENANT  PEARY  HAS  VHOBEN  HIS  ESKIMO  ESCORT. 

From  photographs  Ukuu  by  Lieutenant  Peary. 


Retolvtd,  that  the  Council  of  the  A&iericun  <reo- 
graphical  Society  heartily  approves  the  project  \A 
polar  exploration  laid  before  it  by  Civil  Engineer  R.  B. 
Peary,  U.  S.  N.,  and  will  gladly  contribute  tow.  rds  the 
expense  of  the  same,  provided  such  contribution  is 
needed  and  will  be  acceptable,  and  that  other  subscrip- 
tions, sufficient  to  warrant  the  undertaking,  are  secured 
by  Mr.  Peary. 

The  next  step  following  this  endorsement 
was  to  obtain  the  opportunity  to  undertake 
the  work ;  in  other  words,  secure  the  neces- 
sary leave  to  enable  me  tc  carry  out  my 
plans.  It  quickly  developed  that  the  securing 
of  this  leave  would  be  a  much  more  difficult 
work  than  had  at  first  been  anticipated,  but 
at  length  strong  memorials 
upon  the  geographical  value  of 
the  proposed  work  by  Judge 
Daly,  President  of  the  Ameri- 
can Geographical  Society ;  and 
its  scientific  value,  by  President 
Morris  K.  Jesup,  of  the  Ameri- 
can Museum  of  Natural  His- 
tory, supported  by  numerous 
letters  from  men  prominent  in 
both  scientific  and  business 
circles,  and  urged  by  all  the 
enthusiasm  and  personal  mag- 
netism of  Mr.  Charles  A. 
Moore,  a  peraonal  friend  of 
President  McKinley  and  the 
Secretary  of  the  Navy,  secured 
the  desired  result,  a  five  years' 
leave  of  absence. 

The  first  step  in  the  actual 
field  work  of  the  campaign  was 
the  preliminary  voyage  of  the 
BUknmer  of  1897,  preparatory 
to  the  starting  of  the  main  ex- 


pedition in  1898.  The  object  of  this  voyage 
was  to  communicate  with  the  little  tribe  of 
Smith  Sound  Eskimos,  select  from  it  the  young 
couples  who  were  to  form  the  Eskimo  con- 
tingent of  my  expedition,  tell  them  what  I  ex- 
pected of  them,  give  them  instructions  to  be 
assembled  with  all  their  belongings  at  a  cer- 
tain time  in  the  summer  of  1898,  at  a  speci- 
fied place  on  the  outer  coast,  in  readiness  to 
come  on  board  my  ship  without  delay.  I 
also  wished  to  instruct  the  hunters  of  the 
entire  tribe  in  regard  to  gathering  as  much 
of  a  supply  of  meat  for  me  as  possible  and 
having  in  readiness  their  best  dogs.    The 


UEirrENANT  PEARY'S  PADDED  KAMIKS. 

From  Lieutenant  Peary's  boolc,  "  Northward  over  the  Great  Ice ; "  by  permis- 
sion of  the  F.  A.  Stolies  Company. 


424 


MOVING  ON  THE  NORTH  POLE. 


secondary  object  of  the  voyage  was  to  em- 
bark and  bring  home  the  great  Savlksoch  or 
Ahnighito  meteorite.  This  latter  has,  how- 
ever, no  bearing  upon  the  subject  in  hand. 

In  pursuance  of  thei>e  objects,  the  steam- 
ship "  Hope,"  which  I  had  had  the  previous 
summer,  was  again  chartered  for  an  Arctic 
voyage,  and  sailed  fron~  Boston  on  the  19th 
of  July.  On  board  her  was  a  party  of  sports- 
men and  scientists  who  availed  themselves  of 
the  opportunity  for  a  summer  outing  at  vari- 
ous points  along  the  Arctic  coasts. 

After  stopping;  at  Sydney,  Cape  Breton,  to 
fill  with  coal,  the  "Hope  "  proceeded  north- 
ward through  the  strait  of  Belle  Isle,  passed 
along  the  Labrador  coast  to  the  Wrighting- 
ton  whaling  station  at  Cape  Haven,  thence  to 
Godhaven,  Greenland,  and  eventually  across 
Melville  Bay  to  Cape  York,  the  southern  limit 
of  the  habitat  of  the  little  tribe  of  Smith 
Sound  Eskimos.  Here  the  first  of  them  were 
encountered.  After  getting  the  great  me- 
teorite safely  on  board,  the ' '  Hope ' '  steamed 
northward,  touching  at  the  various  settle- 
ments along  the  coast,  looking  up  the  faith- 
ful, hardy,  active,  young  hunters  whom  I  had 
on  my  list,  until  at  last  all  had  their  instruc- 
tions and  the  entire  tribe  knew  my  plans  for 
the  coming  year,  as  far  as  they  were  con- 
cerned. In  spite  of  the  doubts  of  some  of 
my  friends,  I  found  these  children  of  the 
North,  not  merely  willing,  but  anxious  and 
eager  to  go  with  me.  It  was  interesting  to 
note  the  childish  delight  with  which  they 
listened,  as  I  told  them  how  they  were  each 
to  have  a  "  shake-her-up "  (Winchester) 
rifle,  and  were  to  hunt  musk  oxen  and  bear, 
drive  dogs,  and  eat  biscuit  and  pemmican 
with  me  in  the  distant  legendary  Oomingmuk 
Nunami  (Musk  Ox  Land)  of  their  forefathers. 
Eagerly  as  they  have  looked  forward  each  of 
the  past  few  summers  for  the  coming  of 
'*  Peary's  oomiaksoah  "  (ship),  they  will  look 
for  it  with  redoubled  interest  this  season. 
They  have  all  the  longing  for  variety  that  is 
characteristic  of  human  children  the  world 
over,  and  this  year  the  arrival  of  the 
'*  oomiaksoah ' '  means  that  a  number  of  them 
will  go  to  the  white  "  Ahvungah  "  (North)  to 
live  in  lands  which  they  have  heard  of  in 
legends  repeated  to  them  from  childhood  up. 

The  young  men  selected  by  me  are  men 
everyone  of  whom  I  know  personally ;  men 
with  whom  I  have  sledged  and  hunted  and 
boated  till  I  know  their  capabilities  and 
characteristics.  One  of  them  will  do  for 
an  example — Sipsu,  the  handsome  one  (?), 
grandson  of  the  Chief  Sipsu,  of  whom  Hayes 
speaks.    Sipsu  I  met  for  the  first  time  one 


brilliant,  but  bitter  cold,  April  day  six  yearc 
ago,  in  Inglefield  Gulf,  beside  the  Hurlbut 
glacier.  He  was  only  a  boy,  but  active  as 
a  steel  trap.  Already  he  had  a  record  of 
several  deer  killed  with  his  rude  bow.  A 
little  later  he  was  the  happiest  Eskimo  in 
the  land,  the  possessor  of  a  shining  knife ; 
not  only  the  first  he  had  ever  owned,  but  the 
like  of  which  had  never  been  seen  in  the 
little  village.  The  next  year,  he  brought 
me  as  a  trophy  an  eight-foot  narwhal  horn, 
the  wearer  of  which  he  had  himself  har- 
pooned and  killed.  In  1895  he  was  among 
the  most  successful  of  the  numerous  walrus 
hunters  at  Peterahwick.  Soon  after,  he 
married  robust  Nellika,  daughter  of  old 
Koolootoonah. 

In  August,  1896,  I  nearly  lost  him.  He 
was  the  only  one  to  respond  to  my  call  for 
volunteers  to  harpoon  a  white  whale  from 
the  schools  which  were  darting  round  the 
point  of  Fglooaihomny.  Fearlessly  he  pad- 
dled out  in  his  kyah  to  intercept  them,  but 
the  lightning  response  of  a  powerful  tail  to 
the  sting  of  his  harpoon  upsec  his  kyah  and 
pitched  him  into  the  water.  The  ship's  boat 
and  another  kyaker  started  toward  him.  The 
kyaker  reached  him  first,  and,  seizing  him 
by  the  hair,  kept  his  head  on  the  surface  till 
the  boat  arrived  and  dragged  him  in.  Blue 
and  exhausted,  it  took  a  long  rubbing  with 
Turkish  towels  beside  the  galley  fire  and  a 
stiff  dose  of  brandy  to  get  him  right  again. 
Finally,  clad  in  my  warmest  suit  of  clothes, 
he  went  ashore  to  his  anxious  young  wife. 

So  with  all  of  them,  I  know  them  as  we 
know  comrades  du  guerre.  As  I  sit  here 
writing  now  it  is  entirely  within  the  range 
of  possibility  that  one  of  them,  out  upon  the 
westward  stretching  ice  off  Peterahwick,  is 
harpooning  a  walrus,  the  meat  of  which  a 
year  from  now  may  be  feeding  my  dogs  at 
the  uUima  thuk  of  the  world. 

In  December  last,  after  returning  from 
this  preliminary  voyage,  I  accepted  ?.  long 
standing  invitation  to  address  the  Royal  and 
Royal  Scottish  Geographical  Societies  of 
London  and  Edinburgh,  respectively,  upon 
my  past  work  and  future  plans.  The  recep 
tion  accorded  my  report  was  very  gratifying, 
resulting  in  the  award  of  a  special  medal  by 
the  Royal  Scottish  Society  and  one  of  the  two 
gold  medals  of  the  Royal  Geographical  Soci- 
ety. These  endorsements,  seconding  as  they 
did  that  of  our  own  American  Geograph- 
ical Society,  placed  my  project  in  the  en- 
viable position  of  having  the  endorsement 
and  approval  of  the  three  leading  geograph- 
ical societies  of  the  world. 


LIEUTENANT  ROBERT  E.  PEARY. 


486 


The  most  gratifying  evidence,  however,  of  there  is  little  to  say.  Every  additional  year 
the  effect  produced  by  my  presentation  of  my  of  experience  in  the  past  has  shown  me  more 
plans  was  the  deep  and  immediate  interest  things  that  could  be  dispensed  with  in  Arctic 


shown  in  them  by  Mr.  Alfred  C.  Harmsworth, 
England's  munificent  patron  of  Arctic  ex- 
ploration, who  pressed  upon  me  his  Arctic 
ship  the  **  Windward,"  engaged  for  the  last 
three  years  upon  the  work  in  Franz  Josef 
Land,  and  urged  my  acceptance  in  such  a 
frank  and  generous  way  that  it  was  impos- 
sible to  refuse. 
Finally,  the  funds  for  the  work  have  been 


A  GROUP  OP  LIEUTENANT  PEARY'S   ESKIMO  DOGS. 


assured  by  an  organization  of  gentlemen 
prominent  in  the  highest  business  and  social 
circles  of  New  York.  First  on  the  member- 
ship role  of  this  organization  stand  three 
men  whose  personal  interest,  influence,  and 
example  have  made  the  organization  pos- 
sible. They  afford  a  striking  illustration  of 
the  way  in  which  Arctic  exploration  is  to- 
day regarded  by  the  most  conservative  and 
intelligent  men  of  the  times.  These  men 
are  Morris  K.  Jesup,  President  of  the  Ameri- 
can Museum  of  Natural  History;  Henry  W. 
Cannon,  President  of  the  Chase  National 
Bank,  and  Charles  A.  Moore,  President  of  the 
Montauk  Club  of  Brooklyn. 

As  a  slight  token  of  my  appreciation  of 
the  assistance  of  this  organization,  and  espe- 
cially of  my  deep  regard  for  my  friend  Presi- 


work.  In  the  coming  expedition  I  shall  try 
no  experiments  in  either  food  or  equipment. 
I  feel  that  I  know  just  what  I  want  for  a 
given  purpose  and  how  much  for  a  given 
time.  I  shall  dispense  with  many  things 
hitherto  considered  necessaries  of  Arctic  ex- 
ploration. For  one  thing,  I  shall  include  no 
lime  juice  in  my  rations :  I  have  never  used 
it ;  and  I  do  not  believe  in  it.     I  am  satisfied 

that  an  intelligent 
white  man  can  live 
indefinitely  in  the 
Arctic  regions  on  a 
diet  of  tea,  bread, 
and  fresh  meat  alone, 
and  keep  in  good 
health.  Neither  lime 
juice,  fruit,  nor  vege- 
tables are  essential. 
I  shall  take  no  house 
nor  material  for  one. 
I  shall,  wherever 
practicable,  merely 
supplement  Eskimo 
methods  and  outfits 
with  modem  improve- 
ments. My  ship  will 
be  used  to  land  me  at 
the  farthest  possible 
northern  point.  Once 
there,  I  shall  utilize 
the  simplest  methods 
and  materials  for  ac- 
coniplishing  my  object :  methods  which  evo- 
lution through  generations  of  natives  have 
shown  to  be  best  suited  for  work  in  that  re- 
gion. The  object  upon  which  every  energy 
and  every  iota  of  experience  is  to  be  con- 
centrated is  the  smallest  party  with  the  light- 
est equipment  and  the  fewest  necessities — 
a  party  which  can  travel  fast  and  far  and 
continuously. 

The  "  Windward,"  however,  will  of  course 
carry  considerable  stores.  There  will  be  a 
full  equipment  of  scientific  apparatus  and 
mechanical  implements ;  and  for  use  on  the 
voyage,  and  to  supplement,  after  v  ^  land, 
the  stores  gathered  by  the  Eskimos,  there 
will  be  not  less  than  1,500  cases  of  pro- 
visions, weighing  in  the  gross  some  fifty 
tons.  In  addition  to  large  supplies  of  bread, 
tea,  coffee,  and  cocoa,  we  shall  carry  pre- 


dent  Jesup,  all  the  collections  and  scientific 

results  of  my  work  will  be  the  property  of  served  fruits,  various  soup,  meat,  and  vege 

the  organization  and  will  be  by  it  turned  over  table  preparations,  about  a  ton  of  sugar, 

to  the  American  Museum.  and  several  hundredweight  of  salt.    There 

Regarding  my  supplies   and    equipment  will  be  no  liquors  aboard,  except  as  part  of 


426 


MOVING  ON  THE  NORTH  POLE. 


the  medical  stores.  Most  of  the  food  will 
be  of  the  compressed  sort,  hermetically 
sealed,  for  the  most  part,  in  tin,  and  each 
can  containing,  as  a  rule,  a  portion  just  equal 
to  one  man's  need  for  one  day.  The  cases  will 
be  carefully  stored  in  water-tight,  sheet-iron 
tanks  in  the  ship's  hold.  The  degree  of 
nutrition  in  this  compressed  food  is  some- 
thing wonderful.  One  of  the  sixty-pound 
cases  would  probably  maintain  a  man  a 
month.  Our  bread-so  hard  that  it  can 
scarcely  be  eaten  until  it  has  been  softened 
in  tea,  coffee,  or  something  of  the  sort  -  has 
twice  the  nutrition  of  ordinary  bread.  It 
is  perfectly  true,  as  some  one  writing  re- 
cently of  this  expedition  said,  that  *'  at  first 
the  Arctic  voyager  may  look  dubiously  at  the 
array  of  little  tins  placed  before  him,  some 
of  them  hardly  larger  than  a  penny  box  of 
matches,  and  for  a  few  days  his  stomach 
may  not  fee)  quite  full  after  eating,  but  be- 
fore long  he  learns  to  like  his  food." 

My  project  has  been  erroneously  desig- 
nated by  some  to  whom  a  catching  expres- 
sion is  more  attractive  than  accuracy,  "  A 
dash  to  the  Pole."  I  do  not  like  the  term. 
It  is  entirely  misleading.  My  project  con- 
templates a  serious,  determined,  persistent 
attempt  to  win  for  the  victorious  Stars  and 
Stripes  the  only  remaining  great  geograph- 
ical prize  which  the  world  has  to  offer ;  an 
attempt  which  may,  and  quite  likely  will,  be- 
come a  siege — an  attempt  in  which  the 
knowledge  and  experience  gained  in  work 
prosecuted  during  some  ten  years  on  definite 
and  consistent  lines  are  to  be  directed,  on 
equally  definite  and  consistent  lines,  towards 
the  accomplishment  of  my  object. 

LIEUTENANT  PEARY'S  PRESENT  SITUATION. 

[On  the  eve  of  printing  Lieutenant  Peary's 
interesting  account  of  his  present  undertak- 
ing, we  wrote  to  Mrs.  Peary  to  learn  what 
was  the  latest  word  received  from  him.    Her 


reply  is  of  more  than  personal  interest,  and 
we  have  obtained  her  permission  to  publish 
it  herewith: 

"  Washington,  D.  C,  January  19,  1899. 

**  To  the  Editor  q^McClure's  Magazine. 

"  Dear  Sir:  Yours  of  the  13th  duly  re- 
ceived. There  has  been  no  news  from  my 
husband  since  the  return  of  the  S.S.  *  Hope,' 
last  August,  when  you  received  the  rolls  of 
films.  The  '  Windward '  was  looked  for  all 
the  fall,  but  did  not  arrive.  She  has  evi- 
dently been  frozen  in,  and  will  not  be  able  to 
return  until  the  late  summer  or  early  lall  of 
this  year. 

"The  last  known  of  the  'Windward'  is 
that,  when  the  '  Hope '  left  Littleton  Island, 
on  August  13,  1898,  for  St.  Johns,  New- 
foundland, the  '  Windward,'  with  Mr.  Peary 
and  his  party  on  board,  bore  away  to  the 
north.  I  am  sorry  that  I  have  no  further 
news  to  impart. 

"  Yours  very  truly, 
"  Josephine  Diebitsch-Peary." 

According  to  the  report  of  Captain  Bart- 
lett  of  the  **  Hope,"  Lieutenant  Peary  met 
with  some  disappointments  at  first  regarding 
his  Eskimo  contingent.  The  "Hope's" 
first  landing  was  at  Cape  York.  Either  be- 
cause she  did  not  come  as  soon  as  expected, 
or  for  some  other  reason,  the  Eskimos  who 
were  to  have  been  met  there  had  gone.  From 
Cape  York  the  party  proceeded  to  Snow 
Pocket  Bay,  and  here,  again,  they  were  dis- 
appointed. They  next  made  for  Saunders 
Island.  Here  the  natives  were  in  waiting, 
and  showed  great  delight  at  Lieutenant 
Peary's  arrival.  The  "  Hope"  went  on  to 
Whale  Sound,  but  being  stopped  from  enter- 
ing the  sound  by  the  heavy  ice  pack,  returned 
to  Saunders  Island.  Here  a  fortnight  was 
passed,  and  considerable  additions  were  made 
to  the  stores. — Editor.] 


GOLD  MEDAL  PRESENTED  TO  LIEl'TEN'ANT  I'EAUY  IIY  THE  KOYAL  UGOC.UAPHKUL  SOCIETY,  LONDON,  UECEMBBtt,  1897. 


S»>v 


•■V 

.'A 


ivard'  is 

Island, 

New- 

r.  Peary 

to  the 

further 


